Bellows

They are susceptible to "squirm" (buckling) if internal pressure exceeds design limits. Corrosion near welding points is also a common failure point.

Multi-ply designs offer a better fatigue life than single-ply versions. bellows

In engineering, bellows are convoluted shells that compress or extend to handle pressure or thermal expansion in piping systems. They are susceptible to "squirm" (buckling) if internal