An email's HTML file size should ideally stay under 102 KB . Exceeding this limit causes Gmail to "clip" the email, hiding the bottom content and the unsubscribe link behind a "View entire message" prompt. 🖼️ Imagery and Media

Designers frequently leverage tools like Figma or Adobe Photoshop to map out layouts, create bespoke graphics, and refine visual assets.

The layout is either hand-coded by an email developer utilizing table-based HTML, or translated into no-code/low-code modular drag-and-drop builders provided by Email Service Providers (ESPs) like Stripo or GetResponse .

Aligning on business objectives, target audience segments, and required copy assets.

Before broadcast, emails are pushed through diagnostic software (such as Litmus or Email on Acid) to preview the design across dozens of combinations of devices, operating systems, and apps. 📊 5. Conclusion

Buttons should always be coded using HTML and CSS (often referred to as "bulletproof buttons") rather than being exported as images. This ensures that the call-to-action is visible even if images are blocked. 📱 3. Mobile Responsiveness and Dark Mode