Ghettos were designed as temporary, closed quarters to isolate, control, and segregate Jewish populations. Conditions were characterized by extreme deprivation:
: The lack of healthcare and sanitation resulted in massive death tolls; for instance, nearly one in four prisoners in Theresienstadt died within the ghetto itself. 2. Social Structures and Internal Dynamics Ghetto Prisoners
: Intellectuals and artists engaged in "spiritual resistance." In the Vilna ghetto, the "Paper Brigade" risked their lives to smuggle and hide precious Jewish manuscripts and books from Nazi destruction. Ghettos were designed as temporary, closed quarters to