: Additional gradient lobes are designed so that the "first moment" (the integral of gradient strength over time multiplied by time) equals zero at the echo time. Result :

If your query refers to of a standard MRI physics course (like Stanford's Rad229), the content typically covers:

: Prevents "ghost" artifacts in the phase-encoding direction caused by moving blood or CSF.

: To make the magnetic resonance signal immune to phase errors caused by constant velocity motion.

In the context of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), —often discussed in "Moment 09" or similar lecture series like Rad229 (2020) —is a technique used to minimize motion artifacts, particularly from blood flow or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). What is Gradient Moment Nulling (GMN)?

GMN, also known as , involves adding extra gradient pulses (lobes) to a pulse sequence to ensure that moving spins do not accumulate a net phase by the time the echo is formed.