: Public diplomacy was traditionally the domain of government departments and ministries of foreign affairs. Modern IPR, however, involves a broader range of actors, including multinational corporations, NGOs, and individual activists.
: IPR focuses on reputation management and fostering mutual understanding between an organization and its international publics. PD aims to gather international support for a nation's policies and values. International Public Relations and Public Diplo...
The boundaries between these two fields often overlap, especially in their use of communication models, but their core focus remains distinct: : Public diplomacy was traditionally the domain of