: Modern researchers use Non-Invasive Analysis like X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and infrared spectroscopy to identify the pigments and tools used in these intricate patterns.
: Art historians use similar light-based technology to uncover "palimpsests"—hidden text or drawings beneath the surface of medieval works. Sonochrome - Medieval Puntz
In medieval artistry, "puntz" or punchwork refers to the technique of creating texture and light-reflecting patterns on surfaces like gold leaf or metal. : Modern researchers use Non-Invasive Analysis like X-ray
: Artists used small metal tools (punches) to create "stippled" backgrounds on gold leaf, making halos or borders shimmer in candlelight. Sonochrome - Medieval Puntz