South Africa: The Rise And Fall Of Apartheid ✰

By the late 1980s, the system was becoming unsustainable due to a combination of factors:

: The government created ten "homelands" (Bantustans) for Black South Africans, stripping them of their South African citizenship and forcing them into impoverished, semi-independent territories. The Struggle and Resistance South Africa: The Rise and Fall of Apartheid

: The end of the Cold War removed the government's excuse that it was a "bulwark against communism," making it easier for Western allies to withdraw support. By the late 1980s, the system was becoming

: The Group Areas Act (1950) mandated separate residential areas, leading to the forced removal of millions of non-white South Africans from their homes. : Nelson Mandela and other top ANC leaders

: Nelson Mandela and other top ANC leaders were sentenced to life in prison in 1964.

: Thousands of students protested the mandatory use of Afrikaans in schools. The brutal police response, which killed hundreds, drew intense international condemnation and sparked a new wave of internal militancy. The Fall of Apartheid (1980s–1994)