Thirty-years-war -

It established the "Westphalian System," the idea that a nation has exclusive rights over its own territory and domestic affairs (including religion).

More people died from typhus and plague—spread by marching armies—than from actual combat. 4. The Turning Point: Gustavus Adolphus thirty-years-war

Spain and the Holy Roman Empire fought to maintain Catholic dominance and imperial unity. It established the "Westphalian System," the idea that

The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history, evolving from a local religious dispute into a massive struggle for continental power. 1. The Spark: Defenestration of Prague It established the "Westphalian System

Some regions of Germany lost over 50% of their population .